Questions regarding taxes?

I am doing an assignment for school, and I am having trouble coming up with an answer to the following questions... if someone could give me a couple fairly simple answers to the following questions, I would greatly appreciate it.
Thanks in advance

Why do high marginal tax rates discourage work and investment?

What are some inefficiencies created by the tax system?

A high marginal tax rate means that for every additional dollar you earn, the government will tax it at a higher rate than your "lower" income. For example, your first $25,000 is taxed at a 15% rate, but everything over $25,000 is taxed at 25%. There is therefore less incentive to work and invest since you get to keep less of the additional gross income.

By "the tax system" I assume you mean the U.S. income tax system. In general, our income tax system is very complex and full of odd features created to redistribute income and benefit certain special interests at the expense of others. Economic theory suggests that it is more efficient to tax at a flat rate and let the markets decide how most efficiency allocate resouces and investment capital.

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